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Segregation in Northern Ireland
Segregation in Northern Ireland is a long-running issue in the political and social history of Northern Ireland. The segregation involves Northern Ireland's two main voting blocs – Irish nationalist/republicans (mainly Roman Catholic) and unionist/loyalist (mainly Protestant). It is often seen as both a cause and effect of the "Troubles".
A combination of political, religious and social differences plus the threat of intercommunal tensions and violence has led to widespread self-segregation of the two communities. Catholics and Protestants lead largely separate lives in a situation that some have dubbed "self-imposed apartheid".〔"(Self-imposed Apartheid )", by Mary O'Hara, published in ''The Guardian'' on
Wednesday 14 April 2004. Accessed on Sunday, 22 July 2007.〕 The academic John H. Whyte argued that "the two factors which do most to divide Protestants as a whole from Catholics as a whole are endogamy and separate education".〔John Whyte (1990) ''Interpreting Northern Ireland'', Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 48〕
==Education==
Education in Northern Ireland is heavily segregated. Most state schools in Northern Ireland are predominantly Protestant, while the majority of Catholic children attend schools maintained by the Catholic Church. In all, 90 per cent of children in Northern Ireland still go to separate faith schools.〔Lord Baker of Dorking, Daily Hansard, 18 July 2006 : Column 1189 (www.parliament.uk ), retrieved 22 July 2007〕 The consequence is, as one commentator has put it, that "the overwhelming majority of Ulster's children can go from four to 18 without having a serious conversation with a member of a rival creed."〔"(Stop this Drift into Educational Apartheid )", by Nick Cohen. Published in ''The Guardian'' on Sunday 13 May 2007. Accessed on 22 July 2007.〕 The prevalence of segregated education has been cited as a major factor in maintaining endogamy (marriage within one's own group).〔Michael P. Hornsby-Smith, ''Roman Catholics in England: Studies in Social Structure since the Second World War''. Cambridge University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-521-30313-3〕 The integrated education movement has sought to reverse this trend by establishing non-denominational schools such as the Portadown Integrated Primary. Such schools are, however, still the exception to the general trend of segregated education. Integrated schools in Northern Ireland have been established through the voluntary efforts of parents. The churches have not been involved in the development of integrated education.〔("Churches and Christian Ethos in Integrated Schools", Macaulay,T 2009 )〕
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